1. Cov particle loj yog nruab nrab, qhov porosity loj, thiab qhov nqus tau nrawm.
2. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog cov ntshiab, cov pa roj carbon ntau, tsis muaj leej faj, thiab cov khoom tsis zoo yog tsawg, thiab qhov nqus tau siab.
3. Lub graphite siv lead ua qauv ntawm cov khoom yog qhov zoo, uas txhim kho lub peev xwm nucleation ntawm thawj cov hlau molten. Nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov kua nplaum ntawm nodular cam khwb cia hlau thaum lub sij hawm inoculation, thiab nce graphite nuclei nyob rau hauv lub molten hlau ntawm lub cub hluav taws xob. Refining thiab homogenizing kev faib ntawm graphite nyob rau hauv lub casting.
4. Kev ua tau zoo thiab ruaj khov. Kev xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog tuaj yeem pab txo qis cov nqi tsim khoom, txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm cov hlau smelted thiab castings, thiab pab kom smelting hlau factories thiab foundries kom tau txais txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ntawm cov txiaj ntsig nyiaj txiag thiab nyiaj txiag.
